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AACR 2022: Dialing Spatial Biology Up to 100

AACR 2022: Dialing Spatial Biology Up to 100

After two years of virtual conferences, thousands of scientists and physicians assembled in New Orleans in April for the 2022 American Association of Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting.

Spatial biology has established itself as a powerful tool for cancer research, enabling researchers to study how cells organize and interact within the tumor microenvironment and ultimately uncover the mechanisms behind cancer progression and treatment response. At AACR, there were over 20 posters featuring Akoya’s technology alone, and spatial biology was a running theme in several talks.

At our own spotlight theater session, we were joined by Sizun Jiang, PhD, from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, who discussed systems approaches to spatial biology, including mapping complex cellular neighborhoods. Bernard Fox, PhD, from the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, gave an insightful talk on why spatial phenotyping outperforms standard tools and how to develop predictive spatial signatures for immunotherapy response.

We were particularly excited to showcase the PhenoCycler™-Fusion system at this year’s conference, including a new whole-slide, 103-plex dataset. Alongside our 103-plex panel, we also gave attendees a sneak peek at our new spatial signature panels, powered by a novel universal barcoded chemistry.

100 plex oropharyngeal carcinoma min

Human FFPE tumor tissue labeled with a 103-plex biomarker panel

Both the 103-plex panel and the universal chemistry workflow are grounded in the same barcoded antibodies. Researchers can discover novel biomarkers using the PhenoCycler-Fusion and validate them on the high-throughput PhenoImager HT. This integrated workflow is perfectly suited for cancer research and will accelerate the translation of spatial discoveries into actionable biomarker signatures.

aacr22 booth
aacr22 spotlight theater

Rapid and deep 100-plex spatial phenotyping reveals possible mechanism for partial immunotherapy response

How many markers are enough to characterize the tumor landscape? In a first-of-its-kind spatial analysis, the Akoya Applications team and collaborators at the University of Queensland imaged a whopping 103 markers across a whole slide with single-cell resolution. The data from the study was presented as a poster at AACR and discussed by Oliver Braubach, PhD, during our spotlight theater session.

Based on the “hallmarks of cancer”, the panel was deployed on the PhenoCycler-Fusion system. It includes markers for cell lineage, immune activation and checkpoints, cellular energetics, and more. Together, these markers reveal unique insights into immune, stress and metabolic signatures to provide an integrated overview of the landscape of cancer progression.

Applying the panel to human formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, the authors discovered 14 distinct cell types. Deep spatial phenotyping allowed them to see the complex topography of the entire tumor tissue. Whole-slide analysis uncovered 4 distinct tumor regions within the tissue with varying abundances of immune, proliferating, epithelial, and vascular cells.

he oropharangyeal carcinoma min
100 plex oropharyngeal carcinoma min
100 plex oropharyngeal carcinoma annotated min

Ultrahigh-plex spatial phenotyping improves pathologist annotation and gives more granular detail of the immune response mechanisms.

The authors identified distinct immune cell infiltration vs metabolic marker expression patterns corresponding with putative immune processes in each tumor region. The varying expression profiles in the tumor regions can help to decode the mechanisms of partial immunotherapy response in head and neck cancer. For example, tumor region 4 has high immune infiltration but tumor region 3 is relatively cold with low penetration by immune cells.

This study—performed in under 2 days—demonstrates the true value that rapid, whole-slide, ultrahigh-plex spatial phenotyping adds to exploratory analyses for mapping tumor architecture and uncovering the mechanisms behind clinical response and therapeutic resistance. Further details on this study are available on the poster and upcoming webinar.

Download the poster ➜

Register for the webinar ➜

Apply for the grant program ➜

Enhancing spatial signature development with a novel universal chemistry

We first announced our universal barcoded antibody chemistry at Spatial Day in December 2021. With the goal of accelerating biomarker discovery and validation, we have adopted the barcode-based antibody chemistry used on the PhenoCycler platform and integrated it with the signal amplification capabilities of Opal, part of the PhenoImager workflow.

At AACR, we pulled back the curtain for the first time to share details about this novel chemistry and the associated panel development framework. The Akoya R&D team showcased the first of these panels, the Immuno-Contexture panel—designed to assess whether the tumor is “hot” or “cold”—in a poster presented at AACR.

universal chemistry panels

The spatial signature panel framework is designed to investigate specific questions about the tumor microenvironment

The team stained FFPE lung cancer tissue samples with the 6-plex panel and acquired whole-slide, multispectral scans with the PhenoImager system. They benchmarked the staining method against the clinical gold standard—DAB chromogenic IHC—and observed comparable staining patterns.

The team phenotyped each cell, observing high levels of immune cell infiltration in the tumor. The whole-slide scans were unmixed to view each marker as a monoplex stain. Combined, the markers revealed the spatial relationships between the different cell types in lung cancer.

The ability to rapidly develop and process targeted panels for investigating the tumor immune landscape will be critical for accelerating the development of spatial phenotypic signatures that reliability predict response for checkpoint inhibitor therapies.

Download poster ➜

Missed us at AACR? We hope to see you at the upcoming AAI and AGBT Annual Meetings where we will reveal more novel applications, including our first spatial transcriptomics and multiomics data using PhenoCycler-Fusion.

And if you haven’t joined us yet at one of our in-person events for the PhenoCycler-Fusion World Tour, check out the list of upcoming stops to find one near you.

Check out our other posters from the AACR meeting

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